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A detailed analysis of the difference in the localization and the immunoreactivity for various surface markers among folliculo-stellate cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells was performed using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the rat pituitary gland. The folliculo-stellate cells were selectively labeled by an antiserum against S100 protein. The majority of dendritic cells were immunoreactive for the MHC class II (Ia) antigen (OX6) and/or the dendritic cell antibodies (OX62). The main population of macrophages was positive for the macrophage antibodies (ED1, ED2, and/or OX42). The cellular density of adenohypophyseal macrophages was significantly lower than that of folliculo-stellate cells and of dendritic cells. All the neurohypophyseal microglial cells were labeled with OX42, while the mAb OX6 labeled a small population of cells different from the cells identified by OX42 in the neurohypophysis. Double-immunoperoxidase staining for ED1 and OX6 revealed that positively stained cells could be classified into ED1+OX6-, ED1+OX6+, and ED1-OX6+ cells. Double staining with OX62 and OX6 mAbs showed that about 60% of the OX6+ cells were also immunolabeled with OX62 in the anterior lobe: OX62 detects a subpopulation of dendritic cells but does not recognize macrophage populations. Furthermore, double staining for S100 and OX6 resulted in no S100+ OX6+ cells. At the electron-microscopic level, reaction products for OX6 were confirmed in the cell membrane and labeled cells were distinguished from macrophages and folliculo-stellate cells by distinctive short, broad cytoplasmic processes and the rare presence of cytoplasmic organelles. Such cytological characteristics of the OX6-positive cells in the pituitary gland are similar to dendritic cells. Our results suggest that resident dendritic cells and folliculo-stellate cells are two different main components of interstitial cells in the pituitary gland.

Dendritic Cells in the Rat Pituitary Gland Evaluated by the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies and Electron Microscopy.