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In an attempt to identify regenerating axons in the central nervous system, a partial transection of the dorsal funiculus in the rat spinal cord was carried out with a pair of microdissection scissors, and a nylon thread loop was inserted into the lesion to demarcate the severed tissue. Nerve regeneration through the demarcated lesion was observed 4-20 days after the operation by light and electron microscopy. In the early stage, many naked axons appeared from the caudal part of the lesion, and some of these further extended into the demarcated space. They contained an accumulation of mitochondria, smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles in the axoplasm; this axoplasmic feature indicated that they were regenerating axons. They gradually increased in number, and took highly irregular courses exhibiting various fluctuations in diameter throughout their lengths. Immature Schwann cells as well as glial cells including oligodendrocytes and astrocytes appeared in close association with these regenerating axons. Oligodendrocytes eventually formed thin myelin sheaths. On the other hand, naked axons were present deflecting outside the thread loop; they showed no axoplasmic characteristics as described above. These axons could be regarded as uninjured ones merely undergoing demyelination due to the surgery. Thus, regenerating axons were clearly distinguished from merely demyelinated ones, and some of them were shown to grow through the traumatic lesion in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord.

Nerve regeneration in the dorsal funiculus of the rat spinal cord: A light and electron microscopic study.