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The bystander effect for sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations was examined in hamster cell lines deficient in either DNA-PKcs (V3 cells, deficient in nonhomologous end joining, NHEJ) or RAD51C (irs3 cells, deficient in homologous recombination, HR). Cells synchronized in G0/G1 phase were irradiated with very low fluences of alpha particles such that &lt; 1% of the nuclei were traversed by an alpha particle. Wild-type cells showed a prominent bystander response for SCE induction; an even greater effect was observed in V3 cells. On the other hand, no significant induction of SCE was observed in the irs3 RAD51C-deficient bystander cells irradiated at various stages in the cell cycle. Whereas a marked bystander effect for chromosomal aberrations occurred in V3 cells, the induction of chromosomal aberrations in irs3 bystander cells was minimal and similar to that of wild-type cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that HR is essential for the induction of SCE in bystander cells; however, HR is unable to repair the DNA damage induced in NHEJ-deficient bystander cells that leads to either SCE or chromosomal aberrations.

Role of Homologous Recombination in the Alpha-Particle-Induced Bystander Effect for Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Chromosomal Aberrations