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Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) are predators commonly found in the tropical regions. There are few studies on their biology and natural enemies in the Neotropics. The aim of this study was to sample larvae of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Navas 1914) in natural environments in order to identify their parasitoids and estimate levels of parasitism. Larvae of M . brasiliensis , from first to third instars, were collected in a natural forest in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, from Feb 2001 to Jan 2002. In total, 161 larvae of M . brasiliensis were collected and reared in the laboratory. They were fed daily with leaf-cutting antworkers and third instar larvae of fruit flies. Two parasitoid species emerged from larvae of M . brasiliensis : Hockeri a eriensis (Wallace 1942) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Paravilla sp. near stheno (Wiedemann 1828) (Diptera: Bombyliidae, Anthracina). This is the first record of M . brasiliensis 's parasitoids in Brazil. All juveniles of the antlion were killed by the parasitoids after pupation, and only an adult of both parasitoid species have emerged per pupa of M . brasiliensis . “Formigas-leao” (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) sao predadores comumente encontrados nas regioes tropicais. No entanto, na regiao Neotropical existem poucos estudos sobre a sua biologia e seus inimigos naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi amostrar larvas de Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Navas 1914) em ambientes naturais para estimar as taxas de parasitismo e identificar as especies de seus parasitoides. Larvas de M . brasiliensis , do primeiro ao terceiro instar, foram coletados em uma floresta natural em Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, de fevereiro de 2001 a janeiro 2002. Um total de 161 larvas de M . brasiliensis foram coletados no campo e criados em laboratorio. Elas foram alimentados diariamente com operarias de formigas cortadeiras e com larvas de terceiro instar de moscas das frutas. Das larvas de M . brasiliensis emergiram duas especies de parasitoides: Hockeria eriensis (Wallace 1942) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) e Paravilla aff. stheno (Wiedemann 1828) (Diptera: Bombyliidae, Anthracina). Este e o primeiro registro de parasitoides de M . brasiliensis no Brasil. Todos os juvenis da “formiga-leao” foram mortos pelos parasitoides apos a fase de pupa, e apenas um adulto de ambas as especies de parasitoides emergiu por pupa de M . brasiliensis . View this article in BioOne

Myrmeleon brasiliensis's Parasitoids (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in the South Pantanal, Brazil