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Invasive species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), particularly B. dorsalis (Hendel) and B. Cucurbitae (Coquillett), pose serious threats to agricultural crops. Detection relies largely on traps baited with the male lures methyl eugenol (ME), which is attractive to B. dorsalis, and cue-lure (CL) or the related chemicals raspberry ketone (RK) and raspberry ketone formate (RKF), which are all attractive to B. Cucurbitae. Currently, ME and CL are applied as liquids to cotton wicks (along with an insecticide), a procedure involving considerable handling time and exposure to pesticides. Recent studies have shown that traps baited with solid dispensers (plugs or wafers) of male lures, which arrive in sealed envelopes ready for use, catch at least as many Bactrocera males as traps baited with liquid lures. The present study compared captures of B. dorsalis and B. Cucurbitae males in traps baited with liquid lures versus traps baited with lure-bearing solid dispensers in Florida, California, and Hawaii. In the first 2 locations, marked, irradiated males were released at street intersections, and captures were scored at 4 trapping stations 50 m distant along the intersecting streets with various lure/dispenser combinations. In Hawaii, trap catch of wild B. dorsalis and B. Cucurbitae were compared among traps with liquid and solid formulations of the lures. Although several exceptions were observed, the overall finding was that the lure-bearing plugs and wafers captured as many or more Bactrocera males as the liquid application. Consequently, we suggest that solid dispensers could be adopted in area-wide fruit fly surveillance programs without lessening their detection sensitivity to incipient infestations. The use of solid dispensers that contain both ME and RK, in particular, could greatly reduce the number of traps required and result in considerable cost savings.

the florida entomologist

Release-Recapture of<i>Bactrocera</i>Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Comparing the Efficacy of Liquid and Solid Formulations of Male Lures in Florida, California and Hawaii

Release-Recapture ofBactroceraFruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Comparing the Efficacy of Liquid and Solid Formulations of Male Lures in Florida, California and Hawaii