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Due to extensive clearing of bottomland forest in the southeastern United States, Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) is restricted in many drainages to sea- sonally inundated buffer zones bordering rivers and swamps. This migratory species is es- pecially vulnerable to flooding because of its ground foraging ecology, but little is known about patterns of habitat occupancy at wetland ecotones. I investigated the physiognomic and fioristic correlates of habitat use along a subtle hydrological gradient in the Great Dismal Swamp, southeastern Virginia. Hydrology is the driving force influencing vegetation and the distribution of Swainson's Warbler in that habitat. Foraging and singing stations of ter- ritorial males were significantly drier and more fioristically diverse than unoccupied habitat. There was scant evidence that the distribution and abundance of particular plant species, including giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), influenced habitat selection. Instead, Swainson's Warbler seems to evaluate potential territories on the basis of multiscale physiognomic, hy- drological, and edaphic characteristics. Territories were characterized by extensive under- story thickets (median = 36,220 small woody stems and cane culms per hectare; range, 14,000-81,400/ha), frequent greenbriar tangles, deep shade at ground level, and an abun- dance of leaf litter overlying moist organic soils. Those sites occurred most frequently in relatively well-drained tracts of broad-leaf forest that had suffered extensive canopy damage and windthrow. Data suggest a preference for early successional forest in the current land- scape or disturbance gaps in primeval forest. Because territories in otherwise optimal habitat are abandoned when flooding extends into the breeding season, it is recommended that the water table be maintained at subsurface levels from late March through September in natural areas managed primarily for this species. Direct and indirect environmental factors that in- fluence the breeding biology of the warbler are summarized in an envirogram. Received 16 February 2000, accepted 20 January 2001.

FACTORS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SWAINSON'S WARBLER ALONG A HYDROLOGICAL GRADIENT IN GREAT DISMAL SWAMP