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This paper provides the description of a new species in the genus Zabius Thorell (Scorpiones, Buthidae), Z. gaucho n. sp., from four localities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It differs from Zabius fuscus (Thorell 1877) and Z. birabeni Mello-Leitao 1938 in details of the telson shape, the longitudinal carinae on mesosomal tergites II-VI, and the number of pectinal teeth. The genus was hitherto known only from Argentina, Z. fuscus being a frequent inhabitant of the central Sierras; Z. birabeni, in turn, is probably a rare and non-orophilous scorpion, collected in scattered localities on the monte/chaco ecotone and in northern Patagonia. The presence of a species of Zabius in southern Brazil lends additional support to the generalized distributional track known as ''peripampasic track,'' which zoogeographically links the central Sierras Pampeanas with ancient mountains in the southern province of Buenos Aires, southeastern Uruguay and southern Brazil. Resumo. Neste trabalho descrevemos uma especie nova do genero Zabius Thorell (Scorpiones, Buthidae), Z. gaucho n.sp., procendente de quatro localidades do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Distingue-se de Zabius fuscus (Thorell 1877) e Z. birabeni Mello-Leitao 1938 por detalhes da morfologia do telson, das cristas longitudinais dos tergitos do mesossoma, e pelo numero de dentes pectõ ´neos. O genero era conhecido ateo momento sopara a Argentina, sendo Z. fuscus um escorpiao muito frequente na regiao serrana central; Z. birabeni, no entanto, eaparentemente uma especie nao orofila e rara, coletada em localidades dispersas no ecotono monte/chaco (oeste do paõ ´s) e no norte da Patagonia. A presenca de uma especie de Zabius no sul do Brasil representa um apoio adicional ao padrao generalizado de distribuicao denominado de ''track peripampasico'', que vincula zoogeograficamente as Sierras Pampeanas com sistemas orograficos antigos do sul da Provõ´ncia de Buenos Aires, do sudeste do Uruguai e do sul do Brasil.

Description of Zabius gaucho (Scorpiones, Buthidae), a new species from southern Brazil, with an update about the generic diagnosis