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With the objective of studying the effects of reaction conditions on hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reaction and catalyst deactivation, the whole shale oil used previously was hydrorefined over a Mo-Ni-P/Al2O3 catalyst under the following reaction conditions: reaction temperatures, 370, 390, and 410°C; reaction pressures, 70, 100, and 140kg/cm2; oil feed rates varying from 0.3 to 2.0 LHSV.The HDN reaction well follows a 1.3rd order reaction rate equation, irrespectively of the reaction conditions involved, and the activation energy is 27kcal/mol. It is confirmed that the increase in the reaction pressure not only accelerates the HDN reaction, but also suppresses catalyst deactivation. Reaction pressures above 100kg/cm2 have been found desirable to reduce the nitrogen content of the shale oil to around 500ppm level, which is considered to be an economically optimum level from industrial point of view. The nitrogen can be removed more selectively with less hydrogen consumption at lower reaction temperatures.

Hydrorefining of Shale Oil. Part 6. Effects of Reaction Conditions on HDN Reaction and Catalyst Deactivation.