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An algorithm is presented for solving operating type minimum reflux problems of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation processes, based on the concept of hypothetical pinch plate proposed by Yamada et al. The process discussed here is restricted to column sequence in which the entrainer recycle stream returns to the azeotropic column as a feed stream and which is favourable over the other sequences in respect to energy consumption. A design technique is also proposed to simultaneously calculate the inner and outer minimum reflux ratios of azeotropic column, the minimum reflux ratio of recovery column, and the optimal recycle flow rate. The algorithm and the design technique are illustrated by numerical examples of ethanol dehydration with benzene.

Minimum Reflux Calculations for Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Processes.