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Ca2+ ions loaded on MgO surface markedly promoted catalytic activities of MgO for isomerization of 1-butene, hydrocarbon gasification with CO2 or O2, and the reverse water-gas shift reaction, although MgO itself was almost inactive after treatment at 1273K in air. Ca2+ ions also increased the basicity and basic strength of MgO. Strong basic sites catalyzed isomerization of 1-butene. In the course of impregnation with Ca(NO3)2, MgO (periclase) was completely transformed into hydrate (brucite) by the action of nitrate ions. It is considered that Ca2+ ions interfere with the transformation of surface arrangements accompanied with structural transformation from brucite (hcp) to periclase (fcc). It was found that most of Ca2+ ions aggregated to form particles of CaO on the surface of MgO while Ca2+ ions were highly dispersed on the surface of MgO when the MgO was prepared from basic carbonate salt involving calcium as an impurity.

Catalytic and physical properties of Ca2+-doped MgO.