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Self-organization of nano-structures, and the resultant periodic structures have high potential for advances in the field of nanotechnology and materials. Such self-organization can be directed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics, but the process sometimes becomes non-linear, so that control becomes quite difficult. For example, the oscillatory reaction is characterized by spontaneous periodic transitions between the oxidized and reduced forms of the intermediates, and the behaviors of reaction and diffusion are sensitive to local disturbances around the interface such as convection. Consequently, non-linear reactions have been investigated under various external influences such as magnetic1),2), ultrasonic3) and electromagnetic4) fields to understand the mechanisms and to discover new insights for industrial application. Our first study5) demonstrated the possibility of controlling non-linear reactions by microwave irradiation in a liquid-air system. For example, the oscillatory period of the reaction in a pendant drop was measured in the liquid-air system under microwave irradiation. Microwaves were absorbed throughout the droplet because the penetration depth of microwaves in a liquid was similar to the droplet size. Although molecular rotations of the polar molecules caused by the microwave irradiation directly induce faster reactions around the liquid-air interface, evaporation from the interface under mic rowave i r r ad ia t ion i s unavo idab le . Accordingly, the pendant drop method is not suitable for long term measurement of the liquid-air system because of such volume decrease. Our further study6) found that the conditions at the interface of the liquid-liquid system are quite important for the oscillatory reaction because subtle concentration instability, which is the trigger of the oscillatory reaction, occurs around the interface. Moreover, the unusual properties caused by the non-equilibrium conditions indicate that even small changes in the surroundings may lead to instability in the system7). Accordingly, non-equilibrium conditions for the concentration of chemical species around the interface must be controlled. Microwave irradiation is more attractive for such control processes because it can penetrate through the oil phase and affect the interface directly8),9). Use of the two-phase system is common in industry, but the effects of microwave radiation on the transport phenomena around the liquid-liquid interface are unclear. The present study investigated the oscillatory reaction in a liquid-liquid system to understand the mecha150 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 61, (2), 150-155 (2018)

Chemical Reaction Behavior in Liquid-liquid System under Non-contact Microwave Irradiation