English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Microwave heating has become an interesting technique in the field of organic chemistry1)~5), because the reaction mixture can be very rapidly heated to a target temperature, so that the reaction can be promoted in a very short time as compared with oil bath heating. First of all, we consider the difference between oil bath heating and microwave heating. With conventional oil bath heating, the reaction solvent receives heat from an oil bath, and heat convection occurs in the solvent. Therefore, this heating method is called external heating. With the thermal convection of the solvent, the solute molecules of the reactive species have increased translational motion and reaction occurs by intermolecular collision controlled by the translational energy of the reactive species. Therefore, the temperature of the reaction solution has a large influence on the yield of the reaction product. In contrast, with microwave heating, the solvent and solute molecules directly absorb the irradiated microwave energy, and the rota t ional mot ion of the molecules is exci ted. Relaxation of the rotational motion from the excited state to the ground state releases energy into the surrounding reaction solution as heat. Therefore, this heating method is called internal heating. Internal heating by microwave irradiation can rapidly heat the reaction solution compared to external heating1)~5). With internal heating, the solute molecules of reactive species obtain increases in both rotational and translational motions, so that the reaction occurs by intermolecular collision controlled by both the translational and rotational energies of the reactive species. Therefore, even at the same temperature of the solution, the reactant molecules have greater chances to collide at the optimum reactive points with microwave heating, compared wi th convent ional o i l ba th heat ing . Consequently, the yield obtained by microwave heating is much better than that by oil bath heating. In general, the ease of heating by microwaves de140 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 61, (2), 140-149 (2018)

Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Phthalocyanine Metal Complexes: Relationship between Yield and Maximum Temperature Reached by Microwave Irradiation