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Renewable energy is a promising solution to the problem of global warming and increased energy consumption. Biomass is one of the potential sources that can provide renewable energy. Gasification of biomass is one of the methods available to produce renewable energy. Fuel gases such as hydrogen and methane can be produced by the conversion of carbon and hydrogen in biomass1),2). The generation of biomass energy will not add to the greenhouse effect causing global warming because this process is “carbon neutral” or has a net carbon balance of almost zero. Although gasification of biomass releases CO2 into the atmosphere, this carbon can be taken up by plants during photosynthesis. Many types of biomass are available, including wet biomass. Unfortunately, the evaporation heat of water is higher than the heat of biomass combustion if the wet biomass has high water content, so the drying process before gasification is unfavorable. Supercritical water gasification is a promising technology that uses wet biomass with high water content as a reaction medium for biomass conversion to produce hydrogen and methane3). Water under supercritical conditions (Tc= 374 °C or 647 K, Pc=22.1 MPa) is a better solvent than liquid water. Supercritical water behaves like an organic solvent that can dissolve organic compounds, which are normally insoluble in liquid water. This advantageous characteristics, among a range of other interesting properties, is obtained only under particular temperatures and pressures of the system. The good solvent properties of supercritical water are mainly due to its dielectric constant, which is much lower than that of liquid water and alcohols. The ionic product and dielectric constant of water decrease dramatically on approaching the critical point, resulting in the formation of a nonpolar-like solvent that exhibits high solubility for organic compounds and gases. Ionic reactions are reduced and radical reactions are enhanced instead, indicating that the reaction pathway can be controlled by manipulating the water conditions. The reactions that usually proceed are the supercritical water oxidation of industrial and toxic wastes, and the supercritical water gasification of biomass. During these reactions, the cellulose, hemicellulose, polysaccharide, and protein present in the biomass are hydrolyzed to yield monosaccharides and smaller compounds (e.g., glucose, xylose, amino acids, and organic acids), which are utilized further as bio-chemicals and bioethanol. Therefore, supercritical water gasification has excellent reactivity, and is a very promising reaction medium for converting various types of biomass into value-added fuel products4)~12). Many studies of supercritical water gasification tech34 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 60, (1), 34-40 (2017)

Gasification Characteristics of Aminobutyric Acid and Serine as Model Compounds of Proteins under Supercritical Water Conditions