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Utilization of heavy carbon resources such as coal, heavy oil or biomass emphasizes the production of fuel gases such as hydrogen by steam reforming of aromatic compounds1),2). We have already reported that a Ni/ La/Al2O3 catalyst can produce hydrogen from steam reforming of cresol, one of the model compounds for such heavy carbon resources2). However, catalyst deactivation may easily occur at high temperatures in the steam reforming reaction of aromatic compounds. On the other hand, hydrothermal gasification reaction of wastewater containing water-soluble aromatic compounds can produce fuel gas under subcritical water conditions. Wastewater containing a small amount of organic compounds is extremely damaging to the environment because natural detoxification is very difficult. Biodegradation by the activated sludge method has been used to detoxify such wastewater before discharge into the surrounding environment. However, sludge retention time (SRT) may be as long as one week, because of the slow reaction rate, and the facilities require an extensive area. Furthermore, waste sludge from the process must be burned, and huge amounts of energy are required for this combustion process. Therefore, more efficient treatment of wastewater is very desirable. Hydrothermal gasification does not require energy for drying of biomass but does require energy to heat the feed to the hydrothermal condition, which is similar to the energy required to dry and remove about the same amount of water depending on the concentration in the feed3). However, heat used for drying biomass is difficult to recover because the temperature is too low. In contrast, heat added to obtain the hydrothermal condition is easy to recover using a heat exchanger because the temperature is high enough. 302 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 58, (5), 302-311 (2015)

journal of the japan petroleum institute

Effects of Types of Metal Oxides on Hydrothermal Gasification of Phenol over Novel Metal Oxide–carbon Composite Supported Ni Catalysts Prepared by Sol-gel Method