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The vasopressin gene encodes three polypeptides besides the signal peptide: vasopressin, neurophysin II (neurophysin), and the carboxy-terminal glycopeptide (glycopeptide). Although the function of vasopressin is well characterized, those of the latter two are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of various mutations within the neurophysin/glycopeptide portion of the vasopressin gene on vasopressin secretion in vitro, to clarify the role of each peptide in vasopressin biosynthesis. Expression vectors containing the vasopressin gene, either wild-type or various mutants, were transiently transfected into AtT20 cells, which are known to have the enzymes necessary for the proper processing of the vasopressin precursor protein. The amount of vasopressin secreted into the culture medium was estimated by specific radioimmunoassay. Variable degrees of decreased vasopressin secretion were observed with mutant vasopressin genes harboring deletions or amino acid substitutions in neurophysin. The naturally-occurring frame-shift mutation in the hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rat completely eliminated vasopressin expression. In contrast, a missense mutation found in patients with familial neurogenic diabetes insipidus only partially decreased vasopressin secretion. Finally, the mutant vasopressin gene lacking the N-linked glycosylation site in glycopeptide had no effect on vasopressin expression. Our data suggest that 1) intact neurophysin is not indispensable for vasopressin expression, although an altered structure of neurophysin significantly affects the secretion of the hormone; 2) the pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus with the two naturally-occurring mutations found in the rat (Brattleboro rat) and human (familial central diabetes insipidus) seem to be different; and 3) glycosylation of the carboxy-terminal glycopeptide is not essential for the expression of vasopressin.

Effects of Various Mutations in the Neurophysin/Glycopeptide Portion of the Vasopressin Gene on Vasopressin Expression in Vitro