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Although it has been reported that Chaga Inonotus obliquus (Hymenochaetaceae) shows immunoenhancement activity and antioxidant activity, protective eff ects against radiation have not been investigated. In addition, although a few studies on antitumor eff ects in vitro have been reported, it is unknown whether these eff ects also occur in vivo. Many studies on the protective eff ects of Propolis against radiation and its antitumor activity have been undertaken using water and ethanol extracts, but studies on the whole lysate, in which the original Propolis is completely dissolved, have not been done. It is unknown what mechanisms are involved in the protective eff ect against radiation and the antitumor activity in these substances. Th erefore, in this study, we investigated the protective eff ects against radiation and in vivo antitumor effects of Inonotus obliquus. In addition, we investigated the quite novel protective eff ect against radiation and antitumor activity of the whole Propolis lysate. Blood cells are one of the indices for evaluating protective eff ects against radiation. Hemopoietic tissues and peripheral lymphocytes are highly sensitive to radiation, and a decrease of immunity caused by a decrease in white blood cells and myelocytes is remarkable after exposure to radiation. Th erefore, in this study, we focused on the antioxidant activity and immunoenhancement activity of Inonotus obliquus and Propolis and examined the in vivo eff ect of radiation on the number of peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, measurement of T lymphocyte subsets, SOD-like activity, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity based on chemiluminescent methods, and absolute amounts of free radicals based on ESR were carried out, and radical scavenging activity, which is a mechanism of protection from radiation, was examined. In addition, we examined antioxidant

Immunostimulating and Antitumor Effects by Inonotus obliquus (Ach.:Pers.) Pilat