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An autonomous system is constructed by a manufacturer, operates in a societysubject to norms and laws, and interacts with end users. All of these actorsare stakeholders affected by the behavior of the autonomous system. We addressthe challenge of how the ethical views of such stakeholders can be integratedin the behavior of an autonomous system. We propose an ethical recommendationcomponent called Jiminy which uses techniques from normative systems and formalargumentation to reach moral agreements among stakeholders. A Jiminy representsthe ethical views of each stakeholder by using normative systems, and has threeways of resolving moral dilemmas that involve the opinions of the stakeholders.First, the Jiminy considers how the arguments of the stakeholders relate to oneanother, which may already resolve the dilemma. Secondly, the Jiminy combinesthe normative systems of the stakeholders such that the combined expertise ofthe stakeholders may resolve the dilemma. Thirdly, and only if these two othermethods have failed, the Jiminy uses context-sensitive rules to decide which ofthe stakeholders take preference over the others. At the abstract level, thesethree methods are characterized by adding arguments, adding attacks betweenarguments, and revising attacks between arguments. We show how a Jiminy can beused not only for ethical reasoning and collaborative decision-making, but alsoto provide explanations about ethical behavior.

The Jiminy Advisor: Moral Agreements Among Stakeholders Based on Norms and Argumentation