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The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was reported in Florida in 1989, and it is expanding its geographical range to threaten Opuntia cactus (Cactaceae) in the southwestern United States, into Mexico, where it is an important economic crop. Laboratory life history studies were conducted at 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34C to understand cactus moth biology and to develop strategies for control. Duration of immature stages was generally longest at 18C, declining signiÞcantly at 22C, and shortest at 26, 30, and 34C. Total immature developmental time from eggs to pupae was 180 da t 18C, 116 at 22C, and ranged from 65 to 72 d at 26 Ð34C. Developmental rate for egg-to-pupal stages was estimated using the logistic equation, rate 0.0165/(1 (T/ 20.7093)5.8823). Percentage survival of immatures was usually lowest at the temperature extremes tested (18 and 34C), but they did not differ between the sexes. Estimated lower developmental threshold temperature was 13.3C, resulting in estimated degree-days for development from 845 at 18C to 1,387 at 34C. In general, pupal weights declined with increasing temperature, and they were always lower in males than in females. Female adult survivorship was longest at 18C, and shortest at 34C, with the other treatments clustered between the temperature extremes. The highest repro- ductive values were found at 30C, which indicates an approximate optimal temperature. Net repro- ductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (r), Þnite rate of increase (), and doubling time (DT) were 43.68/, 44.02/, 67.14 d, 0.0562//d, 1.058 //d, and 12.33 d, respectively. An oviposition rate surface describing mean oviposition rate as a function of time and temperature was, eggs (11.241 0.854T) d exp (0.020Td). Given the life history characteristics found in this study and other studies, cost-effective pest management strategies against C. cactorum are discussed.

annals of the entomological society of america

Life Table Analysis for &lt;I&gt;Cactoblastis cactorum&lt;/I&gt; Immatures and Female Adults under Five Constant Temperatures: Implications for Pest Management