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Existing taxonomic studies of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from California provide information on only two described species: Reticulitermes hesperus Banks and Reticulitermes tibialis Banks. However, while conducting a genetic evaluation of the genus from North America, we Þnd evidence of species that cannot be identiÞed morphologically with existing infor- mation. We also update more current information about other species detected during our investi- gations, including the positive identiÞcation of R. flavipes from California. Therefore, we have conducted a molecular genetics study involving DNA sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S gene to determine the extent of genetic variation within Reticulitermes from California. We analyzed 94 samples. Twenty-Þve nucleotide sites were variable in R. hesperus, and 19 mtDNA haplotypes were observed in the 428-bp mtDNA sequence. Fourteen haplotypes (37%) occurred only once, whereas the most common haplotypes, HE4 and HE9, each occurred in 18% of the samples. Although some haplotypes were found to have a broad geographical range across the state, some were restricted to the southern region, as were all samples identiÞed as R. tibialis. Twelve haplotypes of an undescribed western species, R.n . sp. ÔR. okanaganensis,Õ were found, and its distribution throughout the state is discussed. Additionally, genetic evidence of two additional undescribed Reticulitermes species from southern California is presented.

Phylogeography of <I>Reticulitermes</I> Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in California Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences