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Antlion larvae that construct conical pits to capture prey may strongly affect foraging of ants and other arthropods, yet are usually abundant only in sheltered microhabitats. Larval antlion (Myrmeleon crudelis Walker) densities increasedin exposedareas in central Texas in late summer and early autumn of 1998, presumably because of extended dry conditions. I conducted a study to quantify larval antlion pit d ensities in shelteredandexposedareas over time, andto examine the effect of variation in pit density on the foraging activity of ants and other arthropods. Isolated rainfall events decreased pit densities in exposed areas, sometimes to zero, but pit densities returned to high levels as the soil driedout. Pitfall traps at shelteredsites caught signiÞcantly fewer ants andother arthropods inside antlion zones (i.e., areas of high antlion density) than in adjacent areas without antlions. At exposedsites, pitfall traps caught signiÞcantly fewer ants in antlion zones when pits were present (dry conditions) than when they were absent (wet conditions); there was no signiÞcant difference in foraging outside the antlion zones in wet compared with dry conditions. SigniÞcantly fewer ants were caught insid e antlion zones at shelteredsites (that were permanent) comparedwith exposedsites (that were transient), although pit densities were similar at both types of sites. Attraction of ants to baits revealedsimilar patterns. Spatiotemporal variation in antlion pit d ensities andthe associated predation risk to ants and other arthropods may result in behavioral modiÞcations of foraging patterns, higher mortality rates, or both.

annals of the entomological society of america

Spatiotemporal Variation in Antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) Density and Impacts on Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Generalized Arthropod Foraging