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This study aimed to diagnose experimental and natural Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (Columba livia) by serological, biological and molecular techniques. Twelve pigeons, free of infection, were inoculated with 50 sporulated oocysts of T. gondii (VEG sample) and four remained uninfected controls. Four birds (three infected and one control) were euthanized at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-infection (dpi), and their tissues were used to perform a bioassay in mice and nested-PCR using B1 gene as target. Blood was obtained weekly and it was tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and modified agglutination test (MAT). Seven (58.3%) out of 12 inoculated pigeons were positive by serological techniques and titers ranged between 1:40 and 1:5120 by MAT and between 1:512 and 1:4096 by IFAT. Complete agreement was seen between the results obtained by serological techniques and nested-PCR in seven positive birds. In the bioassay in mice, five (41.7%) out of 12 pigeons inoculated were positive to T. gondii. Only one pigeon died at 23 dpi due to toxoplasmosis. A second study with free-living pigeons was performed for detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Birds were captured in the municipalities of São Paulo, Ibiúna and Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. All 126 free-living birds were negative to anti-T. gondii antibodies by MAT (titer < 1:5). Bioassays were performed in mice with tissues from all captured birds and T. gondii was not isolated in any pigeon. O presente estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar a infecção experimental e natural pelo Toxoplasma gondii em pombos (Columba livia) por técnicas sorológicas, biológicas e moleculares. Doze pombos, livres de infecção, foram inoculados com 50 oocistos esporulados de T. gondii (amostra VEG), e quatro permaneceram como controles não infectados. Aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias pós-infecção (dpi), quatro aves (três infectadas e uma controle) foram sacrificadas e com seus tecidos realizou-se bioensaio em camundongos e nested-PCR, utilizando-se B1 como gene alvo. Sangue, para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii, foi obtido semanalmente, e a presença de anticorpos foi determinada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e pela técnica de aglutinação modificada (MAT). Dos 12 pombos inoculados, sete (58,3%) foram positivos pelas técnicas sorológicas, apresentando títulos que variaram de 40 a 5.120 no MAT e de 512 a 4.096 na RIFI. Concordância total foi observada entre os resultados obtidos pelas técnicas sorológicas e pela nested-PCR com sete animais positivos. No bioensaio em camundongos, dos 12 pombos inoculados, cinco (41,7%) foram positivos ao T. gondii. Apenas um pombo veio a óbito no 23º dpi, devido à toxoplasmose. Um segundo estudo, com pombos de vida livre, foi realizado para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii. As aves foram capturadas nos municípios de São Paulo, Ibiúna e Sorocaba, Estado de São Paulo. Todos os 126 pombos de vida livre foram negativos a anticorpos anti-T. gondii, testados pelo MAT (título < 5). Foram realizados bioensaios em camundongos com tecidos de todas as aves capturadas e também, por esta técnica, T. gondii não foi isolado em nenhuma ave

Toxoplasma gondii: diagnosis of experimental and natural infection in pigeons (Columba livia) by serological, biological and molecular techniques