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Plants of Pera sweet orange on Rangpur lime rootstocks, from orchards of the northwest and north of Paraná state, Brazil, were evaluated for severity of symptoms and genetic diversity of Citrus tristeza virus. The severity of symptoms was evaluated by the development of tree, fruit size and stem pitting symptoms. Isolates that infect these plants were compared with known mild and severe isolates by analysis of restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) of the coat protein nucleotide sequences (CPNS), amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and undergone digestion with the restriction enzymes Hinf I and Rsa I. The severity of symptoms showed that the analyzed plants from the northwest orchards presented mild to moderate tristeza symptoms, while the plants from the north orchards exhibited moderate to severe symptoms. The RFLP analysis revealed that the CTV isolates are constituted by haplotype mixtures. Rsa I was the enzyme that best discriminated the genetic diversity among the analyzed isolates of CTV. Two main groups were generated by the UPGMA analysis. The isolates from the northwest orchards grouped with most of the mild isolates used as control, and a great part of the isolates from the north orchards, was correlated with the severe isolate Capão Bonito. Correlation between the stem pitting intensity and RFLP patterns, was demonstrated with some exceptions. The failure of protection of some isolates and the contamination of the rootstocks by the severe isolates, in field nursery conditions, before grafting with scions with mild isolates, were the hypotheses considered to explain the occurrence of severe CTV isolates in the North area of Paraná State

Comparison of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates by RFLP analysis of the coat protein nucleotide sequences and by the severity of the symptoms