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Fungal growth in fruits may cause spoilage and result in a reduction of their quality and quantity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antifungal activity and the metabolism of thymol and carvacrol by Colletotrichum acutatum and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The results showed that both compounds provided relatively good control against these plant pathogenic fungi. Mycelial growth of C. acutatum and B. theobromae was inhibited at 50 µg/mL and above. At 150 µg/mL, thymol and carvacrol inhibited the radial growth of fungi completely and this effect remained for 240 h. Furthermore, thymol and carvacrol were metabolized by the plant pathogenic fungi in low proportion to several compounds, including thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymyl- and carvacryl acetate, thymyl- and carvacryl methyl ether. The transformations affect the structural requirements of thymol and carvacrol related to their antimicrobial activity and mode of action. The relatively high antifungal activity of thymol and carvacrol against C. acutatum and B. theobromae and the low levels of microbial transformation indicate that both compounds could be an alternative to traditional chemical fungicides for control of pre- and postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits or vegetables. El crecimiento de los hongos en frutas puede causar el deterioro de los alimentos y resultar en una reducción de la calidad y la productividad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la actividad antifúngica, y el metabolismo de timol y carvacrol por Colletotrichum acutatum y Botryodiplodia theobromae. Los resultados muestran que ambos compuestos despliegan un relativo buen control contra los hongos fitopatogénicos; el crecimiento micelial de C. acutatum y B. theobromae se inhibió a concentraciones de 50 µg/mL y mayores. A 150 µg/mL, timol y carvacrol inhibieron el crecimiento radial de los hongos completamente y este efecto permaneció durante 240 h. Además, los hongos fitopatogénicos metabolizaron timol y carvacrol a varios compuestos en una baja proporción, incluyendo timoquinona, timohidroquinona, timil- y carvacril acetato, timil- y carvacril metil eter, entre otros. Las transformaciones afectan los requerimientos estructurales del timol y carvacrol relacionados con su actividad antimicrobiana y modo de acción. La actividad antifúngica relativamente alta de timol y carvacrol contra C. acutatum and B. theobromae y los niveles de transformación microbiana bajos, indican que ambos compuestos pueden ser una alternativa a los fungicidas químicos tradicionales para el control de los hongos fitopatogénicos en pre- y poscosecha de frutas y vegetales

tropical plant pathology

Thymol and carvacrol: biotransformation and antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Botryodiplodia theobromae