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O artigo faz uma análise antropológica da pesca artesanal no rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira, com relação às regras costumeiras versus externas determinadas por instituições governamentais. Os dados de campo foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas não estruturadas com pescadores, lideranças locais e pesquisa documental. Os pontos de pesca e as toponímias foram georreferenciados com ajuda de informantes-chave, entre 2005 e 2006. Foram citados 120 pontos de pesca, utilizados por 67 pescadores entrevistados. O aumento da pesca esportiva e comercial tem intensificado os conflitos pelo acesso aos recursos pesqueiros, sendo percebido como uma ameaça de colapso dos estoques naturais de pescado no rio Negro.The paper outlines an anthropological analysis of the artisanal fisheries in the Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazonia, concerning customary versus external rules determined by governmental institutions. Field data were obtained from opened-end interviews with fishermen, local leaderships and documentary research. Fishing spots and toponymies were georreferencied with the help of key informants between 2005 and 2006. It was cited 120 fishing spots used by 67 interviewed fishermen. The increase of recreational and commercial fisheries has intensified the conflicts for fisheries access, which has been perceived as a threat of collapse to the natural fisheries stocks in the Rio Negro

Entre tradições e modernidade: conhecimento ecológico local, conflitos de pesca e manejo pesqueiro no rio Negro, Brasil