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Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a disorder caused by weakness of the tracheal and bronchial walls, together with softening of the supporting cartilage, resulting in excessive expiratory collapse. (1) Although some individuals with TBM are asymptomatic, others present with symptoms such as dyspnea, hemoptysis, wheezing, and chronic cough. (1-3) Because the symptoms are nonspecific, TBM can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as other obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. (4) In TBM patients with acute respiratory failure, noninvasive ventilation is a therapeutic option, because positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can prevent airway collapse. (5-7) Kandaswamy et al. (8) reported that, among patients with respiratory

jornal brasileiro de pneumologia

Tracheobronchomalacia in a patient on invasive mechanical ventilation: the role of electrical impedance tomography in its detection and positive end-expiratory pressure titration