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OBJETIVO: Verificar a adesão às medidas de controle ambiental em lares de crianças asmáticas, através de visitas domiciliares. MÉTODOS: Visitas domiciliares, com observação direta e preenchimento de questionário, foram feitas em 98 lares de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos de quatro a quinze anos, antes e após 90 dias de medidas de controle ambiental serem preconizadas. Foi perguntado aos pais o porquê de não se fazer o controle ambiental. Para a análise estatística foi usado o teste de McNemar. RESULTADOS: O acréscimo na adesão aos diferentes itens pesquisados foi de 11,1%, com variação de -4,1%, para retirada de cortinas (p = 0,63) a +22,6%, para retirada de brinquedos de pelúcia (p < 0,01). A presença de fumantes passivos foi reduzida em 9,7% (p = 0,02). A população estudada tinha renda média mensal de 2,5 salários mínimos. Quando perguntado o porquê de não se adotarem as medidas recomendadas, os motivos principais alegados foram: "falta de dinheiro" (60,1%), "achou difícil de realizar" (6,1%), "não dependia só dela" (4,0%) e "falta de tempo da mãe" (4%). CONCLUSÃO: O controle ambiental nem sempre é realizado e pode ser influenciado por fatores socioeconômicos e culturais. OBJECTIVE: To determine, through home visits, the rate of compliance with environmental control measures in the homes of children with asthma. METHODS: This study involved 98 asthma patients between the ages of 4 and 15. The parents of those children and adolescents received instruction in how to carry out environmental control measures and were encouraged to perform such measures continuously for a period of 90 days. Home visits, which included direct inspection of the domicile and administration of a questionnaire, were made before and after this 90-day period. In cases of noncompliance, parents were asked to explain why they did not carry out the control measures. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test. RESULTS: Overall compliance with the various items studied was 11.1%, ranging from -4.1% (for curtain control, p = 0.63) to 22.6% (for stuffed toys, p < 0.001). Passive smoking was reduced to 9.7% (p = 0.02). Among the families studied, the mean monthly income was 2.5 times the national minimum wage. When asked why they had not adopted the recommended measures, noncompliant parents gave, among others, the following explanations: "economic hardship" (60.1%); "the measures were too difficult to carry out" (6.1%); "nonparticipation of the father" (4%); and "lack of time on the part of the mother" (4%). CONCLUSION: Environmental control measures were carried out sporadically, possibly reflecting the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors

Adesão às medidas de controle ambiental em lares de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos