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Grazing by reef fishes is among the most important biotic factors controlling the structure of benthic communities in coral reefs and tropical rocky shores (e.g., HIXON, 1983). Exclusion experiments have widely demonstrated that fish grazing is a key factor determining algal abundance, with direct and indirect effects on corals and other competing benthic organisms (e.g., SAMMARCO, 1983; LEWIS, 1986; HUGUES et al., 2007). Grazer exclusion reduces the resilience of coral reefs in face of disturbances such as hurricanes, bleaching events, and climate change (HUGUES et al., 2007; MUMBY, 2009). Underwater observations and palatability, caging and transplantation experiments indicate that grazing by reef fish also has strong influence on the abundance, distribution and shape of sponges (PAWLIK, 1998; WULFF, 2000; RUZICKA; GLEASON, 2009; LOH; PAWLIK, 2009). Angelfishes (family Pomacanthidae) are very common and conspicuous reef fishes with a circum-global distribution on tropical and warm temperate reefs. Pomacanthids feed mainly on the structurally resilient and firmly attached benthic prey items avoided by most predators (KONOW; BELLWOOD, 2005). Sponges are the dominant item in the diet of several species of the genera Holacanthus and Pomacanthus, which are therefore often called spongivorous, while algae are usually a secondary item (e.g., RANDALL; HARTMAN, 1968; HOURIGAN et al., 1989; WULFF, 1994; VERDIN et al., 2010). The diet of adult Western Atlantic angelfishes has only been studied in a few localities in the Caribbean (RANDALL; HARTMAN, 1968; HOURIGAN et al., 1989; WULFF, 1994; DUNLAP; PAWLIK, 1996; PAWLIK, 1998; SWEARINGEN; PAWLIK, 1998). In the South-western Atlantic only juveniles have been studied (SAZIMA et al., 1999; ANDREA et al., 2007). Francini-Filho and Moura (2010) observed the feeding of adult Pomacanthus arcuatus and P. paru on the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum in Abrolhos, without giving any attention to other items of their diet. Ferreira et al. (2004) and Ruzicka and Gleason (2008) stressed the need to determine the extent of geographical variation in diet composition of spongivorous reef fishes, including angelfishes, to better understand the latitudinal variation of predation and herbivory intensity on Western Atlantic coral reefs. However, virtually nothing is yet known about the feeding habits of South-western Atlantic adult angelfishes. The French angelfish Pomacanthus paru inhabits coral reefs and rocky shores from Florida (USA) to Santa Catarina State (Southern Brazil) (e.g., RANDALL; HARTMAN, 1968; FERREIRA et al., 2004). Due to its high abundance, colour pattern and large size, it is one of the most conspicuous and recognizable species of the family Pomacanthidae in the Caribbean (DELOACH, 1999). In Brazil P. paru is the most abundant angelfish and shows a patchy distribution, with peaks of abundance in Parcel Manoel Luis (0.52

High intraspecific variation in the diet of the french angelfish Pomacanthus paru in the south-western Atlantic