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The ecological aspects of sand flies in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, were studied. Insects were weekly captured using CDC light traps from December 2003 to November 2005 at seven different places within forestal and residential areas. Twenty-five species of sand flies out of 11,024 specimens (7,805 males and 3,219 females) were captured. From these specimens, 9,963 (90.38%) were Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis. It was the most prevalent and abundant in all the studied area. In forestal areas, other species that are known vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis were captured: Nyssomyia whitmani, Nyssomyia antunesi and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. With regard to seasonal distribution, Lutzomyia longipalpis was found throughout the year with small peaks every 2 to 3 months and high peaks after the rainy season. The maximum dispersion distance was 100m for males and 50m for females; 99.4% was recaptured in the same release area and 0.6%, up to 100m apart. In relation to feeding habits, 327 out of 355 females studied were Lutzomyia longipalpis and 66.4% of them presented human blood, 64.8% bird blood and only 8.9% dog blood. In all residential areas and in two forestal areas, human blood was predominant. Studies on natural infection by Leishmania showed that nine sand flies were positive, four Lutzomyia longipalpis and five other species: Evandromyia lenti, Micropygomyia quinquefer, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia aragaoi and Psychodopygus claustrei, with a minimum infection rate (1.6%). Results were useful to better understand the epidemiological situation of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande.

Ecological studies on phlebotominae (diptera:psychodidae) in an urban area of the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do sul State, Brazil