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The salt stress effect in root growth and antioxidative response were investigated in two cowpea cultivars which differ in salt tolerance in terms of plant growth and leaf oxidative response. Four-day-old seedlings (establishment stage) were exposed to 100 mM NaCl for two days. The roots of the two cultivars presented distinct response in terms of salt-induced changes in elongation and dry weight. Root dry weight was only decreased in Pérola (sensitive) cultivar while root elongation was mainly hampered in Pitiúba (tolerant). Root relative water content remained unchanged under salinity, but root Na+ content achieved toxic levels as revealed by the K+/Na+ ratio in both cultivars. Then, root growth inhibition might be due to ionic toxicity rather than by salt-induced water deficit. Although electrolyte leakage markedly increased mainly in the Pérola genotype, lipid peroxidation decreased similarly in both salt-stressed cultivars. APX and SOD activities were reduced by salinity in both cultivars reaching similar values despite the decrease in Pitiúba had been higher compared to respective controls. CAT decreased significantly in Pitiúba but did not change in Pérola, while POX increased in both cultivars. The salt-induced decrease in the CAT activity of Pitiúba root is, at principle, incompatible to allow a more effective oxidative protection. Our results support the idea that the activities of SOD, APX, CAT and POX and lipid peroxidation in cowpea seedling roots were not associated with differential salt tolerance as previously characterized in terms of growth rate and oxidative response in plant leaves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do estresse salino sob o crescimento radicular e a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em duas cultivares de feijão caupi contrastantes em termos de crescimento e resposta oxidativa de folhas. Plântulas com quatro dias de idade foram expostas a NaCl 100 mM durante dois dias sob condições controladas. A massa seca das raízes foi afetada somente na cultivar Pérola (sensível) enquanto que o comprimento radicular foi mais reduzido na Pitiúba (resistente). O estresse salino não afetou o conteúdo relativo de água, contudo o conteúdo de Na+ nas raízes atingiu níveis tóxicos de acordo com a razão K+/Na+ em ambas as cultivares, indicando que a inibição do crescimento radicular pode ser estar mais relacionada à toxicidade iônica mais do ao estresse osmótico induzido pelo sal. Embora o vazamento de eletrólitos tenha aumentado principalmente na cultivar sensível, a peroxidação de lipídeos decresceu de forma similar em ambas as cultivares. As atividades de APX e SOD foram diminuídas pela salinidade nas duas cultivares, atingindo valores similares, apesar do decréscimo em Pitiúba ter sido maior, em relação aos controles. A atividade de CAT diminuiu significantemente em Pitiúba, mas permaneceu inalterada em Pérola. O decréscimo na atividade de CAT em Pitiúba é, em princípio, incompatível com maior proteção oxidativa. Nossos resultados evidenciam que as atividades de SOD, APX, CAT e POX e a peroxidação de lipídeos em raízes de plântulas de feijão caupi não são compatíveis com tolerância diferencial a salinidade como foi previamente caracterizado por meio do crescimento e resposta oxidativa de folhas de plantas

Salt-induced changes in antioxidative enzyme activities in root tissues do not account for the differential salt tolerance of two cowpea cultivars