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The ichthyofauna diversity of the Ivai river basin is largely underestimated. The present study aimed to characterize the fish fauna of the Bonito River, a tributary to the Ivai River, upper Parana river basin, in relation to richness, diversity and constancy. It was established three sampling sites along the longitudinal gradient of the river: headwater, medium stretch and mouth, at the point near the confluence to Ivai river. Three collection expeditions were made in each site. Gill nets of different meshes, cast nets and traps were used. The ichthyofauna of the Bonito river was composed by 23 species, divided into nine families and three orders. Among the sampled species, three were possible new records for the upper Parana river basin and 12 for the Ivai river basin. The highest species richness was recorded in the lower stretch, where 20 species were found. In the middle section of the river, seven species were collected and just one species was captured at headwater. In the lower stretch it was also obtained the greatest diversity and lower species dominance. Additionally, in the lower Bonito river most of the species were incidental, whereas in the middle section five species were constant and only one was accessory. The middle section had the most dominant species, Hypostomus aff. ancistroides. The altitudinal gradient seems to determine the pattern of species distribution, delimiting the assemblages along longitudinal gradient of the river.

Estrutura da ictiofauna do rio Bonito, bacia hidrográfica do rio Ivaí, sistema alto rio Paraná, Brasil