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Lateralized behavior patterns are those in which an animal shows a consistent preference for the use of one of the sides. The existence of population-level behavioral asymmetries in non-human species and their implications for the evolution of the brain are very controversial. In the last years, however, several studies have reported the existence of lateralization of brain functions among mammals, birds (see Walker, 1980), fishes, reptiles and amphibians (Bisazza et al., 1998). In this study, we report data on possible behavioral asymmetries at the population level in Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis van Bénéden, 1864, at Madeiro Bay, Pipa Beach (6° 13’ S and 35° 04’ W), southern of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Our aim in this study was investigate whether Guiana dolphin individuals showed significant bias concerning direction of performance (right or left) in three active behavioral events. We studied three active behavior to test evidence of directional bias: (i) Breaching: the dolphin jumps out of the water, spinning on its longitudinal axis in one direction; (ii) Flippering: the dolphin raises one flipper (right or left) into the air and shows or slaps it on the water surface; and (iii) Tail slap: the dolphin hurls its tail out of the water. Only breaches and tail slaps to the right or to the left was included in this analysis. Data on these three active behaviors were recorded in the field from a land base, approximately 25 m above sea level, in January and February 2012. Using focal groups 2-minutes scan sampling method, the predominant group behavior was recorded as one of five mutually exclusive states: foraging, feeding, traveling, socializing and resting (Lunardi, 2011). Three size classes were used: adult, juvenile and calf (about 3⁄4 and 1⁄2 of the body length of an adult animal, respectively). We tested data for significant directional bias using chisquared tests. Analyses were performed with PASW 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA).

Lateralized behavior in Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, at Pipa Beach, RN, Brazil