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OBJECTIVES: to describe hospital lethality rates and factors correlated to death in neonates with brain white matter lesions. METHODS: a retrospective study was performed from January 1994 to December 2001. Neonates with white brain matter lesions were divided into survival and death groups and their medical files reviewed through the single blind method to determine evolution. Death certificates provided the cause of death. The groups were compared through correlation coefficients. Hospital lethality rate was calculated. RESULTS: ninety three cases of white brain matter lesions and seven deaths were determined. Hospital lethality rate was of 8.2.% (95%CI: 2.4-14.0) independently from lesion occurrence time, and of 10.3% (95%CI: 3.3-17.3) for deaths occurred during prenatal and perinatal periods. Death was correlated to: Apgar score, non-cephalic presentation, gestational age, hyperglicemia, hypercalcemia, convulsion, respiratory insufficiency and atelectasy. CONCLUSIONS: hospital lethality was of 10.3% generating the following hypothesis: perinatal asphyxia must be the principal direct and indirect etiologic factor (aggravating the expression of prematurity and infection diseases), of prenatal and perinatal mortality among newborns with white brain matter lesions; and <7 Apgar score in the 5th minute associated to brain white matter lesions, are markers for perinatal asphyxia diagnosis. OBJETIVOS: descrever a taxa de letalidade hospitalar e fatores correlacionados com o óbito em crianças com lesão da substância branca cerebral (LSB). MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo realizado de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2001. Os neonatos com LSB foram divididos em sobreviventes ou óbito, e seus prontuários revisados de forma cega para a evolução. Dos atestados de óbito, a causa de morte. Os grupos foram comparados por coeficientes de correlação. Calculada a taxa de letalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: foram encontrados 93 casos de LSB e sete óbitos. A taxa de letalidade hospitalar foi de 8,2%, (IC95%: 2,4-14,0), independentemente da época de instalação da lesão, e de 10,3% (IC95%: 3,3-17,3) para aqueles de ocorrência pré/perinatal. O óbito correlacionou-se com: escore de Apgar, apresentação não-cefálica, idade gestacional, hiperglicemia, hipercalcemia, convulsão, insuficiência respiratória e atelectasia. CONCLUSÕES: a letalidade hospitalar foi de 10,3% e as seguintes hipóteses foram geradas: a asfixia perinatal deve ser o principal fator etiológico, direto e indireto (agravando a expressão das doenças da prematuridade e da infecção), da mortalidade pré/perinatal entre neonatos com LSB; e o escore de Apgar do 5o minuto <7, associado à LSB, são marcadores para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal

Brain white matter lesions correlated to newborns death and lethality