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The effects of cations addition on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase (PG) synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 were studied and compared with a control system. Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) were added to the fermentation medium separately, and also as combined groups of cations. The addition of Fe2+ and/or Zn2+ ions was significantly positive to the enzyme production. A positive effect in the biomass content, however, was only obtained when the same metal ions were added separately. On the other hand, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions had almost no effect on these parameters. The morphology of the pellets was studied by image processing techniques. Small pellets with small cores were usually obtained when Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were individually or collectively added to the medium. The pellets produced in media containing Fe2+ or Zn2+ ions were compact, while the ones produced in a medium containing both cations were considered diffuse. Autolysis of the core was observed for large control pellets, due to the deficient nutrient transfer to the interior of the pellet. The pellets obtained in a medium containing both Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were high enzyme producers, probably due to a loose morphology, induced by the presence of combined groups of metal ions in the medium, favoring the nutrient transfer. O efeito da adição de cátions na morfologia do agregado e na síntese de poligalacturonase (PG) por Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 foi estudado e comparado com um sistema controle. Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) foram adicionados ao meio de fermentação, tanto separadamente, como em grupos de cátions. A adição dos íons Fe2+ e/ou Zn2+ foi positivamente significante para a produção da enzima. Um efeito similar no teor de biomassa, contudo, só pode ser observado quando os mesmos íons foram adicionados isoladamente. Por outro lado, os íons Cu2+ e Mn2+ não afetaram significativamente estes parâmetros. Utilizando-se técnicas de processamento de imagens para o estudo da morfologia dos pellets, observou-se que pequenos aglomerados, com pequenos núcleos, foram geralmente obtidos quando os cátions Fe2+ e Zn2+ foram adicionados ao meio, seja isolada ou simultaneamente. Os aglomerados produzidos em meios contendo íons Fe2+ ou Zn2+ eram compactos, enquanto que aqueles produzidos em meios contendo ambos os cátions foram considerados difusos. A autólise do núcleo foi observada para os grandes agregados produzidos no meio controle, devido ao transporte deficiente de nutrientes para o seu interior. Os agregados produzidos em meio contendo os íons Fe2+ e Zn2+ foram grandes produtores de enzima, provavelmente devido a uma morfologia mais "frouxa", induzida pela presença combinada destes metais no meio, favorecendo o transporte de nutrientes

Influence of metal ions on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8