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Desde meados da segunda metade do século XX, parte expressiva do pensamento social e político vem conferindo destaque à obra de Alexis de Tocqueville. Nesta etapa, sua reflexão é revista nos marcos da democracia liberal: haveria em sua abordagem preciosas sugestões quanto aos dilemas das democracias modernas. Tal percepção, porém, pressupõe certo nexo entre os conceitos de liberalismo e democracia distante do universo intelectual próprio às preocupações tocquevillianas. Pretende-se, neste artigo, apontar o viés conservador subjacente às análises de Tocqueville. Para tanto, sua obra será interpretada à luz da tradição liberal francesa na qual ela se insere, e que remonta à Querela das duas raças, protagonizada por Henri de Boulainvilliers no crepúsculo do século XVII. Trata-se da gênese de uma tripla polaridade que informa Tocqueville: em um eixo positivo, liberdade, heterogeneidade e descentralização; no negativo, igualdade, homogeneidade e centralização. From the second half of the 20th century on, several social and political writers have turned their attention to Alexis de Tocqueville's work. By doing that, these writers re-read Tocqueville from the perspective of liberal democracy. The basic assumption was that there was, in his approach, precious clues for the understanding of modern democracy dilemmas. This perception, though, supposes some nexus between the concepts of liberalism and democracy which is far from Tocquevillian intellectual scenery. In this article, I intend to identify the conservative bias inherent to Tocquevillian analysis. In this sense, his work will be interpreted in the light of French liberal tradition, in which it is located. It must be added that this tradition is connected to the two races quarrel, as defined by Henri de Boulainvilliers in the end of 17th century. It deals with the genesis of a triple polarity in Tocqueville's work: in a positive axis, liberty, heterogeneity and decentralization; in a negative one, equality, homogeneity and centralization

De Boulainvilliers a Tocqueville: da liberdade como defesa de privilégios à liberdade como defesa de diferenças