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The present study investigated the effect of crude extracts from yacon leaves, obtained by aqueous cold (Y C) or hot (Y H) extraction, or hydro-ethanolic extraction (Y E), on glycemia of the diabetic (induced by streptozotocine, 50 mg/kg, ip) and nondiabetic rats. The animals were treated orally with the extracts (400 mg/kg) or water for 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. After this period, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for measurement of plasmatic glucose and creatinine and activity of the enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP). Also were evaluated the consumption of food, water, urine volume, body weight of the animals and LD50 of Y E. Treatment with Y E for 14 days reduced glycemia in diabetic and nondiabetic animals. No similar reduction was observed in animals treated with Y C or Y H. Additionally, Y E restored the activity of the plasmatic enzymes that were altered, and improved weight gain in the diabetic animals. These results showed that the effectiveness of the yacon extracts is related to the method of preparation and to the time of treatment. The effect of Y E on glycemia in diabetic rats is not related to reduction of food intake or to interference of the extract with intestinal absorption of carbohydrates. O presente estudo investigou o efeito do extrato bruto das folhas de yacon, obtido por extração a frio (Y C) ou a quente (Y H), ou por extração hidro-alcoólica (Y E), na glicemia de ratos diabéticos (induzidos por estreptozocina, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) e não diabéticos. Os animais foram tratados por via oral com os extratos (400 mg/kg) ou água por um período de 3, 7, 10 e 14 dias. Após o tratamento, os animais foram anestesiados e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinações dos níveis de glicose e creatinina plasmática e da atividade de enzimas (AST, ALT, ALP). Também foi avaliado o consumo de ração, água, volume de urina, peso corporal dos animais e a DL50 do Y E. O tratamento dos animais com Y E, por 14 dias, reduziu a glicemia de ratos diabéticos e não diabéticos. Adicionalmente, o Y E restaurou a atividade das enzimas que estavam alteradas, e melhorou o ganho de peso dos animais diabéticos. Estes resultados demonstraram que a efetividade do extrato de yacon está relacionada ao método de preparação do extrato e ao tempo de tratamento dos animais. O efeito do Y E na glicemia de ratos diabéticos não está relacionado à redução da ingesta ou a interferência do extrato na absorção intestinal de carboidratos

Effect of crude extracts of leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) on glycemia in diabetic rats