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Várias amostras de solo do Brasil foram semeadas em placas de ágar e diversas cepas de actinomicetos produtoras de antibióticos antifúngicos foram isoladas. Foram desenvolvidos meios para eliciação da biossíntese dos antibióticos e métodos para determinação rápida do seu rendimento. Ao todo, foram isoladas 41 cepas de actinomicetos aeróbios produtoras de metabólitos antifúngicos. Destes, 11 (26,8%) eram macrolídeos tetraênicos, 13 (31,7%) macrolídeos pentaênicos, 1 (2,4%), macrolídeo oxopentaênico, 1 (2,4%) macrolídeo hexaênico e 6 (14,6%) macrolídeos heptaênicos. Os antibióticos antifúngicos produzidos pelas restantes 9 cepas ativas (21,9%) não eram poliênicos. Os poliênicos mais utilizados atualmente na clínica são do tipo tetraênico (nistatina) e heptaênico (anfotericina B). Um meio à base de leite de soja favoreceu extraordinariamente a eliciação da biossíntese de polienos por algumas cepas, enquanto que para outras não houve favorecimento e para outras foi prejudicial. Os rendimentos obtidos atingiram cerca de 6000 U de antibióticos poliênicos por mL. Various Brazilian soil samples were seeded in agar plates and several strains of antifungal antibiotic producing actinomycetes were isolated. Antibiotic biosynthesis elicitation media were developed and methods for determination of yields were studied. A total of 41 antifungal antibiotic producing strains of aerobic actinomycetes resulted. Among the antibiotics produced, 11 (26.8%) were grouped as macrolide tetraenes, 13 (31.7%) as pentaenes, 1 (2.4%) as oxo pentaene, 1 (2.4%) as hexaene and 6 (14.6%) as heptaenes. Several of these strains also produced antibacterial antibiotics, like polyether antibiotics. The remaining 9 active strains (21.9%) produced non polyene type of antifungals. A medium based on soybean milk favored extraordinarily the elicitation of polyenes biosynthesis by some native strains, while with other strains, this was not favored, while with others it was detrimental. The yields reached about 6,000 polyene units per mL. High polyene type antifungals producing actinomycetes were frequently isolated

Antibióticos antifúngicos produzidos por actinomicetos do Brasil e sua determinação preliminar nos meios experimentais