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This study reports the first occurrence of partial albinism in two species of Ariidae: Genidens barbus and Genidens planifrons from an estuary of Southern Brazil. Possible causes of the simultaneous occurrence of three specimens with partial albinism are discussed, including random genetic alterations, chronic contamination effects and small effective population size, which may favor the expression of the recessive albino gene. Key words: Estuarine fishes, Genidens barbus , Genidens planifrons , leucism * Author for correspondence: mateusleal1977@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Albinism is a genetic disorder produced by an autosomal recessive gene in the homozygous state caused by the deficiency in melanin production (Westerman and Birge 1978). The true albinism is recognized by the total lack of melanin, thus determining the pink or yellowish body color and red eyes (Sazima and Pombal-Jr. 1986). However, there is another form of depigmentation considered partial albinism (Sazima and Pombal-Jr. 1986; Klug and Cummings 1999). A recent term, known as leucism, has also been introduced to the animals with abnormal skin pigmentation but normal eye color (Bechtel 1995). Recently, it has also been used in ichthyology (Clark 2002). In natural environment, there are several reports of total or partial albinism in freshwater fishes (Westerman and Birge 1978; Sazima and Pombal-Jr. 1986; Ueda et al. 2007; Jeffery 2009) and marine fishes (Bearez 2002; Simon et al. 2009; Piorski and Nunes 2010). Some cases of total or partial albinism in Siluriformes have been reported, e.g., Ictalurus punctatus (Westerman and Birge 1978), Trichomycterus itacarambiensis (Trajano 1997), Rhamdella minuta (Sazima and Pombal-Jr. 1986) Schizolecis guntheri (Brito and Caramaschi 2005), Ameiurus catus (Britton and Davies 2006) and Phreatobius cisternarum (Shibatta et al. 2007). Frequently captured albino fish are only reported in aquarium magazines and local newspapers (Sazima and Pombal-Jr. 1986). Catfish of the genus Genidens belongs to Ariidae family and comprises G. barbus (LACEPEDE, 1803), G. genidens (CUVIER, 1829), G. machadoi (MIRANDA-RIBEIRO, 1918) and G. planifrons

First record of partial albinism in two catfish species of Genidens (Siluriformes: Ariidae) in an estuary of Southern Brazil