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Aspects related to the nature of stem thickening in monocotyledons have been the subject of many studies. Primary thickening has been attributed to the Primary Thickening Meristem (PTM). According to most authors, it gives rise, besides the adventitious roots, to the vascular tissues and part of the cortex. In other words, it has centripetal and centrifugal activity. For some authors, however, it gives rise only to the vascular system, and for others, only to part of the cortex. However, this work demonstrated that PTM corresponds to the pericycle in the meristematic phase or to the pericycle associated with the endodermis, also with meristematic activity. It was observed that the pericycle was responsible for the formation of the vascular system of the rhizome and of the adventitious roots; the endodermis gave rise to cell layers with radial disposition which comprised the inner portion of the stem cortex, and which corresponded to the region known as the derivatives of the meristematic endodermis (DME). A continuity was also demonstrated between the tissues of the stem and root in species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae).Aspectos relacionados à natureza do espessamento em caules de monocotiledôneas têm sido objeto de estudo de muitos pesquisadores. O espessamento primário vem sendo atribuído ao meristema de espessamento primário (MEP). Segundo a maioria dos autores origina, além das raízes adventícias, os tecidos vasculares e parte do córtex. Para alguns autores, no entanto, origina apenas o sistema vascular e para outros, apenas parte do córtex. Entretanto, demonstra-se neste trabalho, que o MEP corresponde ao periciclo em fase meristemática ou ao periciclo associado à endoderme, também com atividade meristemática. Verificou-se que o periciclo é responsável pela formação do sistema vascular do rizoma e pela formação das raízes adventícias; a endoderme origina fileiras radiais de células que constituem a porção interna do córtex caulinar e que correspondem à região denominada derivadas da endoderme meristemática (DEM). Demonstra-se também, a continuidade entre os tecidos do caule e da raiz nas espécies de Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae).Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of the Rhizome in Species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae) from Serra do Cipó (MG)