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Reproduction of Bryconamericus stramineus was described based on the analysis of 208 females and 166 males collected monthly in the Rio Ibicuí, from April 2001 through March 2002. Reproduction occurred between September and December, with a lower peak in February. The mean absolute fecundity was 371.3 (± 244.6) oocytes and the mean relative fecundity was 0.35 (± 0.08) oocytes/mg of total weight and the fish was a multiple spawner. A weak correlation between GSI of males and day length was observed. Other parameters (stomach repletion and hepatosomatic index, rainfall and temperature) did not show any correlation with GSI. However, some of these factors might act as "starters" of gonadal maturation. The presence and frequency of fin ray hooks on the males was compared with the gonadal maturation stages, months and standard length classes. Well-developed hooks were found mainly in the mature males during the reproductive period and in the largest individuals. A reprodução de Bryconamericus stramineus é descrita baseada na análise de 208 fêmeas e 166 machos coletados mensalmente no rio Ibicuí, RS, de abril/2001 a março/2002. A reprodução ocorreu entre setembro e dezembro, com um pico menor em fevereiro. A fecundidade absoluta média é de 371.3 (± 244.6) ovócitos e a fecundidade relativa média é de 0.35 (± 0.08) ovócitos/mg de peso total e a espécie tem desova parcelada. Foi observada uma fraca correlação entre IGS de machos e fotoperíodo; os índices de repleção estomacal e hepatossomático, a pluviosidade e temperatura não mostraram nenhuma correlação. Porém, sugerimos que alguns destes fatores possam agir como "desencadeadores" da maturação gonadal. A presença e freqüência de ganchos nas nadadeiras de machos foi comparada com as fases de maturação gonadal, meses e classes de comprimento padrão. Ganchos bem-desenvolvidos foram encontrados principalmente em machos maduros, durante o período reprodutivo e nos indivíduos maiores

Reproductive biology of Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908 (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the Rio Ibicuí, RS, Brazil