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The specific selection of a weir and orifice type experimental fish ladder in the dam of the Itaipu Reservoir (Paraná River) was evaluated by samplings in the river downstream and at two points along the ladder (at heights of 10 m and 27 m) during 28 months. Among the 65 species recorded in the river (immediate downstream of the dam), 27 were captured on the ladder. The species that showed highest density on the ladder, the majority migratory, were moderately, or only slightly, abundant downstream. Among the most abundant species downstream, only one, non-migratory, was recorded in the ladder. The structure presented a negative selection in relation to large migratory pimelodids that might be overcome by enlarging the scale of its design. The sampling demonstrated a moderate selection of species along the ladder and its hydraulic model proved satisfactory regarding the attraction and efficient ascent of the fishes. A seleção específica de uma escada de peixes do tipo seqüência de tanques, com passagem de fundo (tipo weir and orifice), na barragem da hidrelétrica de Itaipu (rio Paraná), foi avaliada através de amostragens no rio a jusante (amostragem trimestral em 1997) e em dois pontos ao longo da escada (10 e 27m de altura; nov/94 a jan/97 e nov/94 a fev/97, respectivamente). Das 65 espécies registradas no rio imediatamente a jusante da barragem, 27 foram capturadas na escada. As espécies com maior densidade na escada, em sua maioria migradoras, tiveram abundância moderada ou baixa a jusante. Entre as mais abundantes a jusante, apenas uma, não migradora, foi registrada na escada. A escada apresentou seleção negativa aos grandes pimelodídeos migradores que pode ser superada com a ampliação na escala do projeto. As amostragens evidenciaram baixa seletividade específica ao longo da escada, sendo seu modelo hidráulico satisfatório na atração e eficiente na ascensão de peixes

Selection of an experimental fish ladder located at the dam of the Itaipu Binacional, Paraná River, Brazil