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Objective: To develop a cognitive-behavioral group therapy protocol and to verify its efficacy to reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Methods: An open clinical trial with 32 obsessive-compulsive patients was performed, in which a cognitive-behavioral group therapy protocol of 12 weekly sessions of two hours, in 5 consecutive groups, was applied. The severity of symptoms was rated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Anxiety (HAM A) and Hamilton Depression (HAM D) scales. The patients were followed up for 3 months after the end of the treatment. Results: There was a significant reduction in the scores of Y-BOCS, HAM A and HAM D scales with the treatment regardless the use of anti-obsessive medications. The rate of improved patients (decrease of > or = 35% in Y-BOCS) was 78.1%. Two patients (6.25%) dropped out from the study. The effect size calculated for the Y-BOCS scale was 1.75. Conclusions: This study suggests that cognitive-behavioral group therapy reduces obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In addition, patients presented good compliance. Objetivos: Desenvolver um protocolo de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo e verificar sua eficácia em reduzir os sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos. Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico não controlado com 32 pacientes portadores de transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, com aplicação de um protocolo de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo, de 12 sessões semanais de duas horas, em cinco grupos sucessivos. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela escalas Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton de Ansiedade (HAM-A) e Hamilton de Depressão (HAM-D). Foram acompanhados por mais três meses após o término do tratamento. Resultados: Houve redução significativa nos escores das escalas Y-BOCS, HAM-A e HAM-D com o tratamento, independentemente de os pacientes estarem utilizando ou não antiobsessivos. A resposta à terapia (redução > 35% nos escores da Y-BOCS) foi de 78,1%. Dois pacientes (6,25%) abandonaram o tratamento. O tamanho do efeito calculado para a Y-BOCS foi de 1,75. Conclusões: O presente estudo sugere ser a terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo eficaz na redução dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos, apresentando os pacientes uma boa adesão ao tratamento

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical trial