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Long-term selection experiments provide a valuable resource for understanding the genetic changes that take place in animal improvement programs. The Virginia chicken lines have for more than 50 years been subjected to single-trait, bi-directional, divergent selection for high and low juvenile body weight. It is one of the most well studied experimental populations in agricultural animals and has played an instrumental role in the understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits. In this paper, we summarize the findings from the more recent publications focusing on the efforts to identify the loci contributing to selection response as well as discuss the currently ongoing research. We conclude by describing some future research prospects that promise to bring new, interesting insights into the biology of complex traits in the near future and their implications for future animal improvement programs. Experimentos de seleção a longo prazo constituem um recurso valioso para a compreensão das alterações genéticas em programas de melhoramento animal. As linhagens de frango de Virgínia há mais de 50 anos foram submetidas à seleção unicaracterística, bi-direcional e divergente para alto e baixo peso corporal em animais jovens. Trata-se de uma das populações experimentais em agropecuária que mais estudadas, desempenhando um papel fundamental na compreensão da base genética de características complexas. Neste artigo, resumimos os resultados das publicações mais recentes que focaram em identificar locos que contribuem para a resposta de seleção, bem como discutir as pesquisas atuais. Concluímos descrevendo algumas perspectivas de pesquisas que prometem trazer descobertas interessantes sobre a biologia dos multicaracteres em um futuro próximo e suas implicações para programas de melhoramento animal

Dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits and its impact on genetic improvement programs: lessons learnt from the Virginia chicken lines