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FORESTs is the first tree transcriptome database produced in Brazil. It was created by researchers from Universities and Research Institutes that belong to the Agronomical and Environmental Genomes Project (AEG), a part of the ONSA network created by FAPESP and also included the active participation of four private competing wood and paper companies based in the State of São Paulo. Included in this consortium are Suzano Bahia Sul Papel e Celulose, Votorantim Celulose e Papel, Duratex S/A and Ripasa S/A. It was a challenging and a very productive learning process for scientists and specialists from the private sector to work together, for the first time, on a large genomic project, exchanging experiences to reach a common goal. The main results are now presented in this collection of articles published in this issue of Genetics and Molecular Biology. The FORESTs database was produced based on Eucalyptus, which is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is composed of more than 700 species (Brooker, 2000). Eucalyptus species mainly originate from Australia and are widely propagated all over the world because they adapt easily to a wide range of environmental conditions. In Brazil, eucalyptus species were introduced by Edmundo Navarro de Andrade for use by the Paulista Railroad Company in the State of São Paulo at the beginning of the XIX Century, and by the time of his death, in 1941, he had established more than 75 species in orchards (Ducrot, 1998). Today, Brazil has the largest area of commercially reforested eucalyptus in the world with around 3 million hectares, representing 60% of domestically planted forest (FAO). Eucalyptus has become a very commercially important tree, especially for timber, wood and pulp and paper industries. The eucalypts-based forestry industry in Brazil represents around 4% of gross domestic product and 10% of exported products (SBS, 2002). The productivity of managed Eucalyptus forests has increased from 12 m ha yr in the 1960s to 20-50 m ha yr due to improved genetic breeding and silviculture. However, the enhancement of several aspects, such as wood quality, by controlling cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and by introducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, still pose challenges. The use of genomic approaches to study trees at the molecular level is ready to be intensified by the FORESTs database, which contains 123,889 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from 25 cDNA libraries prepared from different Eucalyptus grandis organs and tissues, sampled at various developmental stages and stress conditions and seedlings of E. urophylla, E. calmadulensis, E. saligna and E. globulus. E. grandis is the most commonly used species for planting and for breeding crossing with other species and serves as the base tissue sample for the libraries. Eucalypts are diploid plants with a haploid chromosome number of 11 (Eldridge et al., 1993) and a haploid genome size with an average of 500 million base pairs (Mbp) (Grattapaglia and Bradshaw Jr., 1994). The genomic data of the recently completed Populus trichocarpa genome sequence (Brunner et al., 2004), the first tree genome fully sequenced, in addition to the FORESTs database, will provide tree researchers with a remarkable genetic source of genes for understanding tree function. Also, a valuable contribution will come by the sequencing of the E. camaldulensis genome being done at the Kazusa DNA Research Institute in Japan with an expected completion date of 2007, according to the review article by Poke et al. (2005).

Seeing the FORESTs for the trees