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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, consumed daily by more than half of the human population. The narrow genetic base of rice breeding programs and the inadequate use of the species genetic variability are some of the main factors limiting increments in grain yield. The exploitation of hybrid vigor in rice has the potential to overcome the current yield plateaus observed in most breeding programs. This is limited by an inherent difficulty to obtain and test new hybrid combinations, due to the autogamous habit of the species and the male sterile system currently exploited. The present study used molecular markers to evaluate rice genetic resources (accessions, lines and varieties) conserved by the Brazilian Rice Germplasm Bank as well as breeding lines of the Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) Hybrid Rice Program developed by EMBRAPA. The study was divided into three major sections: (a) subspecific classification of a reference collection of rice germplasm using molecular markers, (b) development of fluorescent-based microsatellite (SSR) multiplex marker systems for genetic analysis of rice germplasm and (c) correlation analysis of heterosis and genetic distance in a cytoplasmic male sterile based hybrid rice program.

Evaluation of genetic resources for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) production