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Some aspects of reproductive isolation between allopatric populations of two closely related species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (A. fraterculus sp. 1 and sp. 2) were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Most of the crosses were fertile in each species as well as between sp. 2 females and sp. 1 males. In the reciprocal cross only 41.7% of the matings yielded viable progeny. Egg hatching occurred at similar rates within the two species, but was significantly lower in the crosses between the species. Adult emergence did not differ significantly among crosses. The sex ratio of adult progeny within each species, as well as in the hybrid progeny derived from sp. 1 females crossed to sp. 2 males, did not differ from the expected 1:1 ratio. However, in the crosses between sp. 2 females to sp. 1 males, a significant deviation in the sex ratio in favor of females was observed, according to the Haldane's rule. The results reinforce previous data which indicated that A. fraterculus sp. 1 and A. fraterculus sp. 2 are distinct biological entities. Neste trabalho foram avaliados alguns aspectos do isolamento reprodutivo entre populações alopátricas de duas espécies do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (A. fraterculus sp. 1 e sp. 2) em condições de laboratório. A maioria dos cruzamentos intraespecíficos, assim como aqueles entre fêmeas da sp. 2 e machos de sp. 1, foram férteis. No cruzamento recíproco, somente 41.7% resultaram em progênies viáveis. A taxa de eclosão das larvas foi similar para as duas espécies, mas significativamente menor para os cruzamentos interespecíficos. A proporção sexual da progênie adulta foi de 1:1 tanto nos cruzamentos intraespecíficos quanto naqueles de fêmeas de sp. 1 com machos de sp. 2. Entretanto, nos cruzamentos entre fêmeas de sp. 2 com machos de sp. 1 houve um desvio significativo na proporção sexual das progênies, com um excesso de fêmeas. Esta observação está de acordo com a regra de Haldane, cuja ocorrência reflete a existência de isolamento reprodutivo pós-zigótico. Os resultados reforçam a sugestão da existência de dois taxa distintos em A. fraterculus

Haldane's rule and other aspects of reproductive isolation observed in the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)