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In recent decades the use of anaerobic fixed bed reactors has been established in Brazil for the treatment of different effluents. As the capability of retaining microorganisms by support media (fixed bed) is a factor influencing the performance of these reactors, the present study aims at evaluating the influence of three fixed bed on the effectiveness of treating an effluent with high pollution potential: wastewater from coffee grain processing (WCP), with organic matter concentrations varying from 812 to 5320 mg L-1 in the form of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Support media used for the immobilization of biomass were: blast furnace slag, polyurethane foam and #2 crushed stone with porosities of 53, 95 and 48%, respectively. The mean efficiency of COD removal in the reactor filled with polyurethane foam was 80%, attributed to its higher porosity index, which also provided greater retention and fixation of biomass which, when quantified as total volatile solids, was found to be 1301 mg g-1 of foam. The biofilm was made up of various microorganisms, including rod, curved rods, cocci, filaments and morphologies similar to Methanosaeta sp. and Methanosarcina sp. Nas últimas décadas tem-se registrado, no Brasil, o uso de reatores anaeróbios de leito fixo para o tratamento de diversos tipos de efluentes. Uma vez que a capacidade de retenção de micro-organismos pelo meio suporte (leito fixo) é fator de influência no desempenho desses reatores, buscou-se, com a realização do presente estudo, avaliar a influência do leito fixo na eficiência de três unidades tratando um efluente com elevado potencial poluidor: água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC), com concentração de matéria orgânica variando entre 812 e 5.320 mg L-1 na forma de DQO. Os tipos de suporte utilizados na imobilização da biomassa foram: escória de alto-forno, espuma de poliuretano e brita nº 2, com índice de vazios de 53, 95 e 48%, respectivamente. A eficiência média de remoção de DQO no reator preenchido com espuma de poliuretano foi de 80%, atribuída ao seu maior índice de vazios o qual proporcionou também maior retenção e fixação da biomassa que, quantificada na forma de SVT, foi equivalente a 1.301 mg g-1 de espuma. O biofilme apresentou variedade de microrganismos tendo-se registrado bacilos, bacilos curvos, cocos, filamentos, e morfologias semelhantes a Methanosaeta sp. e Methanosarcina sp.

Development of biofilm in anaerobic reactors treating wastewater from coffee grain processing