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A farmacoeconomia, uma disciplina nova, surgida no cenário internacional na década de 1980, tem crescido de forma expressiva, especialmente no âmbito dos sistemas de saúde. Sua forma de investigação mais difundida é a avaliação econômica da terapia medicamentosa, em que são usados métodos oriundos da economia da saúde. A farmacoeconomia identifica, calcula e compara custos (recursos consumidos), riscos e benefícios (clínicos, econômicos, humanísticos) de programas ou terapias específicas, e determina quais são as alternativas que produzem os melhores resultados em face dos recursos investidos. O presente artigo aborda os princípios norteadores da farmacoeconomia; descreve os tipos de análise e discorre sobre as aplicações da disciplina nos diferentes segmentos da sociedade. A farmacoeconomia pode constituir-se num importante instrumento de auxilio à tomada de decisões, pois introduz nos serviços de saúde, entre os profissionais, a racionalidade econômica, como o intuito de complementar a clínica. A utilização correta dos termos e o conhecimento da metodologia são, porém, pré-requisitos indispensáveis para aplicar, e interpretar corretamente, os resultados das investigações. Pharmacoeconomics is a new discipline, which appeared at the end of the twentieth century, during the eighties, and which has been developing consideralibly since then, especially in the field of system health. Its most widespread investigation form has been the economic evaluation of drug therapy, using methods from health-related economics. Pharmacoeconomics identifies, measures, and compares costs, outcomes (clinical, economic, humanistic) of programes or specific therapies and determines the best alternative to be used considering the resources invested. Thus, the aim of this article has been approaching the guiding principles of pharmacoeconomics, describing the types of analysis and also considering how this discipline could be applied to different segments of society. The pharmacoeconomics, may be, an important instrument in taking decisions, because it introduces economic rationality among professionals in the health-care services, which the objective of complementing their clinic. However, the correct use of words and expressions, and a proper knowledge of methodology are essential prerequisites for both, a correct use and interpretation of the investigations

Farmacoeconomia: perspectiva emergente no processo de tomada de decisão