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Este artigo apresenta uma investigação preliminar da presença da seleção adversa e do risco moral (moral hazard) na demanda ativa por planos de saúde no Brasil, a partir dos dados da PNAD/98. O presente estudo compara indivíduos cujas coberturas decorrem do vínculo de trabalho, com aqueles cujos planos resultam de uma demanda individual às empresas que os comercializam e os que não têm acesso a esquemas assistenciais alternativos ao SUS. A elaboração de uma tipologia de planos de saúde, combinada com variáveis relacionadas com as condições de saúde, utilização de serviços e gastos com saúde, sugere a existência de falhas de mercado. A percepção de uma condição de saúde mais desfavorável parece estar associada à busca de cobertura e o tipo de cobertura com o maior uso de serviços de saúde. Quando analisadas através de dois modelos de regressão logística com múltiplos controles, onde a variável de desfecho é indicadora de seleção adversa ou moral hazard, essas diferenças se atenuam, com exceção dos gastos com saúde. Os resultados não evidenciam uma inquestionável assimetria de informações, mas sinalizam a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as relações entre morbidade, utilização de serviços de saúde, gastos com saúde e tipo de cobertura. The authors investigate the extent to which adverse selection and moral hazard influence private health insurance demand in Brazil, based on the 1998 National Socioeconomic and Health Survey. Three population groups were compared, namely the one whose private health insurance was acquired by their employers, a second group whose insurance was individually acquired directly from insurance providers, and finally the one without any type of private health insurance and exclusively assisted by public health services. A taxonomy of health insurance plans was developed, and other covariates were also considered in the analysis, namely health states, health care services use, and health insurance coverage. The results suggest the occurrence of both types of market failures. Private health insurance coverage was found to be associated with unfavorable self-reported health states while the type of coverage appears to be associated with a more frequent use of health services. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, with multiple controls, showed that only health care expenditures remained associated with both adverse selection and moral hazard. Although a clear cut pattern of asymmetric information was not observed, results point out the need to further investigate the relations among morbidity, health care services use, health care expenditures and the varying types of health insurance plans

Segmentação da demanda dos planos e seguros privados de saúde: uma análise das informações da PNAD/98