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Background: Several studies evaluating colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) have reported a significant reduction in mortality from this tumor. The study aims to describe the results of the first round of the CRC screening program in medium-risk population of Valencia and assessing their feasibility and acceptability. Methods: Colorectal cancer screening pilot study using biennial FOBT. All residents (106,000 Inhabitants) between 50 and 69 years old (a subgroup of 70-74 years), from 3 selected health departments (04, 07 and 13) were invited by mail to participate. The individuals with FOBT positive were referred to hospital for colonoscopy. The following rates were calculated as indicators of program quality: the participation rate, positive FOBT rate, acceptance rate of colonoscopy, and detection rate of low and high-risk adenomas and invasive cancers, and positive predictive value of FOBT. Results: The participation was 35,231 individuals (35.70%). The number of FOBT positive was 579 (1.64% of total analyzed test), 548 people agreed colonoscopy (acceptance rate: 94.69%). 61 CRC were detected, 61 and 153 High-Risk and Low-Risk Adenomas (rates of 1.77, 1.77 and 4.46% per 1,000 participants). The positive predictive values for cancer, low-risk and high risk adenomas were 10.95%, 10.95%, and 27.46% respectively. Conclusion: The program indicators suggest that a population program of colorectal cancer is feasible in our community as the process indicators obtained are similar to those given in other programs in Spain and Europe.

Programme of Screening for Colorrectal Cancer in the Community Valenciana, Spain: results of the First Round (2005-2008)