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When reading the paper “Colonial scientific-medical documentary films and the legitimization of an ideal state in post-war Spain,” published in the second issue of the 24th volume of this journal, the readers of Manguinhos [História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos] – especially those who are not familiar with the Spanish language – may be led to believe two things. First, that this is the first investigation that uses medical documentaries on the Spanish-African colonies as historical sources. Second, that it is the first study framing those sources within the ideology and symbolic representations of the early Francoist regime. This letter aims to dismiss such beliefs, and warmly thanks the editorial board of the journal for providing the opportunity to do so. In 2009, an article of mine was published in the Spanish medical history journal Medicina & Historia (indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Scimago etc.) with the title “Imperio enfermizo: la singular mirada mórbida del primer franquismo en los documentales médicos sobre Marruecos y Guinea” (A sickly empire: the singular morbid gaze of early Francoism in medical documentary films on Morocco and Guinea).1 A few months earlier, this paper had been granted the XL Prize by the Fundación Uriach 1838 (publisher of Medicina & Historia), the oldest and best-funded prize for medical history research in Spain. The main aim of my article was to develop an innovative interpretation of the early Francoist regime as a transnational Spanish-African ideological and political reality. For that purpose, I used two medical documentaries, Enfermos en Ben Karrich and Los enfermos de Mikomeseng, the first dealing with tuberculosis patients in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco and the second, with leprosy patients in Spanish Guinea. I argued that Africa had been the central space for the symbolic representation of early Francoism and showed how tuberculosis and leprosy were metaphorically used to pathologize those Spaniards and Africans who either reluctantly supported the regime or opposed it. A side contribution to that first article appeared three years later. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco, the Arabic studies journal Awraq, also based in Spain, asked me to prepare a contribution to a monographic dossier on that topic, in which I should specifically deal with issues related

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